Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile (ama-Rees) ziye zaba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yanamuhla, njengoba ziyizakhi ezibucayi zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njenge-Smartphones, izimoto zikagesi, izimoto zomoya, nezinhlelo zezikhali. Yize imboni yaseMhlabeni eyiRare incane ngokuqhathaniswa neminye imikhakha yamaminerali, ukubaluleka kwayo sekukhule ngokushesha eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yesidingo esandayo sobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokushintshwa komhlaba wonke kuya emithonjeni yamandla esimeme.
Ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba okungavamile kube yisihloko sentshisekelo emazweni amaningana emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi iChina, e-United States, nase-Australia. Iminyaka eminingi, iChina ibingumhlinzeki ovelele we-REES, ibala imali engaphezu kuka-80% yokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke. Imihlaba engavamile ayivamisi, kepha kunzima ukukhipha futhi icubungule, yenza umkhiqizo wayo futhi inikeze umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi oyinselele. Kodwa-ke, ngesidingo esikhulayo se-REES, kube nokwanda okukhulu kwemisebenzi yokuhlola nokuthuthuka, okuholela emithonjeni emisha yomhlaba engavamile etholakala futhi yathuthukiswa.
Omunye umkhuba osemkhakheni womhlaba ongavamile yisidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezithile zomhlaba ezingandile zomhlaba. I-Needmium ne-PraceOdDODYMIUM, okuyizinto ezibalulekile kuma-magnets ahlala njalo asetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni nakwamakhono aphezulu, zakha amaphesenti amakhulu okufunwa umhlaba ongavamile. I-Europuum, enye into yaseMhlabeni eyiRare, isetshenziswa kumathelevishini anemibala nokukhanyisa kwe-fluorescent. I-Dysprosium, i-Terbium, ne-YTtrium nayo inesidingo esikhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile, zibenze zibucayi ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe.
Isidingo esikhulayo salomhlaba ongavamile sisho ukuthi kunesidingo sokukhiqizwa okwengeziwe, okudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ekuhlolweni, ukumbiwa phansi kanye nokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngobunzima obandakanyeka ekukhishweni nasekucutshungweni kwama-Rees, kanye nemithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo esendaweni, izinkampani zezimayini zibhekene nezinselelo ezibalulekile zehlisa inqubo yokuthuthuka.
Noma kunjalo, amathemba okuthuthukiswa komhlaba angavamile ahlala unethemba, ngesidingo esandayo sobuchwepheshe obusha, izimoto zikagesi kanye nemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo edala isidingo esikhulayo se-REES. Amathemba omude wesikhathi eside anempilo anempilo enhle, enezimakethe zomhlaba ezingandile zomhlaba ezilindelwe ukufinyelela ama- $ 16,21 billion ngo-2026, akhula endaweni ka-8.44% phakathi kuka-2021-2026 phakathi kuka-2021-2026.
Sengiphetha, inkambiso yentuthuko yomhlaba engavamile nethemba lihle. Ngesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe, kunesidingo sokukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwe-REES. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zezimayini kumele zikwazi ukuzula ezinkingeni ezibandakanyeke ekukhishweni nasekucutshungweni kwama-Rees futhi kunamathelise kwimithetho yezemvelo eqinile. Noma kunjalo, amathemba okukhula kwesikhathi eside womkhakha womhlaba ongandile ahlala eqinile, okwenza kube yithuba elihle labatshalizimali nababambiqhaza.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-05-2023
