Izinto ezingavamile zomhlaba (ama-REE) seziyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yanamuhla, njengoba ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengama-smartphone, izimoto zikagesi, ama-wind turbine, kanye nezinhlelo zezikhali. Nakuba imboni ye-rare earth incane uma iqhathaniswa neminye imikhakha yezimbiwa, ukubaluleka kwayo kukhule ngokushesha eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo sobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokushintshela emhlabeni wonke emithonjeni yamandla esimeme kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba ongavamile kube yindaba ethakazelisayo emazweni amaningana emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa iShayina, i-United States, ne-Australia. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, iShayina ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ohamba phambili wama-REE, okwenza ngaphezu kuka-80% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke. Ama-rare earth awavamile ngempela, kodwa kunzima ukuwakhipha nokuwacubungula, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwawo nokuwahlinzeka kube umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi noyinselele. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula kwesidingo sama-REE, kube nokwanda okukhulu kwemisebenzi yokuhlola nokuthuthukisa, okuholele ekutholakaleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithombo emisha yomhlaba ongavamile.
Esinye isimo embonini ye-rare earth yisidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezithile ze-rare earth. I-Neodymium ne-praseodymium, okuyizinto ezibalulekile kuma-magnet ahlala njalo asetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni kanye nezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, zakha iphesenti elikhulu lesidingo se-rare earth. I-Europium, esinye isici se-rare earth, isetshenziswa kumathelevishini anombala kanye nokukhanya kwe-fluorescent. I-Dysprosium, i-terbium, kanye ne-yttrium nazo zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile, okwenza zibe zibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Isidingo esikhulayo sale nhlabathi engavamile sisho ukuthi kunesidingo sokwanda komkhiqizo, okudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekuhloleni, ekumbeni nasekucubunguleni. Kodwa-ke, ngobunzima obuhilelekile ekukhishweni nasekucubungulweni kwe-REEs, kanye nemithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo esebenzayo, izinkampani zezimayini zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ezibambezela inqubo yokuthuthukiswa.
Noma kunjalo, amathuba okuthuthukiswa komhlaba ongavamile ahlala emuhle, njengoba isidingo esikhulayo sobuchwepheshe obusha, izimoto zikagesi, kanye nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo sidala isidingo esikhulayo sama-REE. Amathemba okukhula kwesikhathi eside kulo mkhakha amahle, kanti imakethe yomhlaba ongavamile kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$16.21 billion ngo-2026, ikhule ku-CAGR engu-8.44% phakathi kuka-2021-2026.
Ekuphetheni, ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa komhlaba ongavamile kanye namathuba amahle. Njengoba isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu sikhula, kunesidingo sokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwama-REE. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zezimayini kumele zibhekane nobunzima obuhilelekile ekukhishweni nasekucutshungulweni kwama-REE futhi zilandele imithetho eqinile yezemvelo. Noma kunjalo, amathuba okukhula kwesikhathi eside embonini yomhlaba ongavamile ahlala eqinile, okwenza kube yithuba elikhangayo kubatshalizimali kanye nababambiqhaza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-05-2023
