Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile (ama-REE) seziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwesimanje, njengoba ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengama-smartphone, izimoto zikagesi, izinjini zomoya, nezinhlelo zezikhali. Nakuba imboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane incane uma iqhathaniswa neminye imikhakha yezimbiwa, ukubaluleka kwayo kukhule ngokushesha eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhula kwesidingo sobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuguquguquka komhlaba wonke kubheke emithonjeni yamandla esimeme kakhudlwana.
Ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba okungavamile kube yisihloko esithakaselwayo emazweni amaningana emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise ne-China, i-United States, ne-Australia. Iminyaka eminingi, i-China ibilokhu ihamba phambili ngokuphakela ama-REE, ebalwa ngaphezu kwama-80% okukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke. Imihlaba eyivelakancane empeleni ayiyona eyivelakancane, kodwa inzima ukuyikhipha nokuyicubungula, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwayo futhi kunikeze umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi oyinselele. Kodwa-ke, ngesidingo esikhulayo sama-REE, kube nokwanda okukhulu kwemisebenzi yokuhlola nentuthuko, okuholele ekutheni kutholwe futhi kuthuthukiswe imithombo emisha yomhlaba ongavamile.
Omunye umkhuba embonini yomhlaba engavamile ukukhula kwesidingo sezinto ezithile zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. I-Neodymium kanye ne-praseodymium, okuyizingxenye ezibalulekile kozibuthe baphakade abasetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni nezobuchwepheshe, bakha iphesenti elikhulu lesidingo somhlaba esiyivelakancane. I-Europium, enye into engavamile yomhlaba, isetshenziswa kumathelevishini ombala nokukhanya kwe-fluorescent. I-Dysprosium, i-terbium, ne-yttrium nazo zidingeka kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo eziyingqayizivele, okuzenza zibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Isidingo esikhulayo sale mihlaba eyivelakancane sisho ukuthi kunesidingo sokwanda kokukhiqizwa, okudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ekuhloleni, ezimayini nasekucutshungulweni. Nokho, ngobunkimbinkimbi obukhona ekukhishweni nasekucutshungulweni kwama-REE, kanye nemithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo ekhona, izinkampani zezimayini zibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ezibambezela inqubo yentuthuko.
Noma kunjalo, amathemba okuthuthukiswa komhlaba ayivelakancane ahlala enethemba, nesidingo esikhulayo sobuchwepheshe obusha, izimoto zikagesi, nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo okudala isidingo esikhulayo sama-REE. Amathemba okukhula alo mkhakha wesikhathi eside mahle, kanti imakethe yomhlaba engavamile kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$16.21 billion ngo-2026, ikhula ku-CAGR ka-8.44% phakathi kuka-2021-2026.
Sengiphetha, ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa komhlaba okungavamile kanye namathemba amahle. Ngokukhula kwesidingo semikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kunesidingo sokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwama-REE. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zezimayini kufanele zizulazule ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilelekile ekukhishweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwama-REE futhi zihambisane nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo. Noma kunjalo, amathemba okukhula kwesikhathi eside embonini yomhlaba engavamile ahlala eqinile, okwenza kube yithuba elihehayo kubatshalizimali nababambiqhaza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-05-2023
