Isici esithi "lanthanum"

Umhlaba ongavamile, isifaniso esivame ukusetshenziswa, kungathiwa singamavithamini embonini uma uwoyela uyigazi lezimboni. Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ziyiqembu lezinsimbi, ezihlanganisa izakhi ezingu-17 kuthebula le-periodic lezakhi zamakhemikhali, njengei-lanthanum, i-cerium, kanye ne-praseodymium, esetshenziswa kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, amakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, i-metallurgy nakweminye imikhakha. Lezi zici zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene.

Ososayensi bangathola ukusetshenziswa okusha kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile njalo eminyakeni engu-3-5, futhi okukodwa kokusungulwayo okuyisithupha kuncike ezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Lokhu kubonisa umnikelo obalulekile noqhubekayo owenziwa izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha.

I-China inezinqolobane ezicebile zezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile, ezikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni ngokwezinqolobane, isikali sokukhiqiza, kanye nomthamo wokuthekelisa. Lokhu akubonisi nje insada yemithombo yemvelo yaseShayina kodwa futhi kugqamisa amandla ayo aqinile ezimayini, ekucubunguleni, nasekusabalaliseni izinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-China ukuphela kwezwe elinganikeza zonke izinsimbi zomhlaba eziyi-17 ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezimaphakathi nezisindayo ezinezicelo ezivelele zezempi. eChina

isikhundla esiphezulu kulesi sici sidonse ukunaka okukhulu nomona kwamanye amazwe.

Isici esithi "lanthanum" saqanjwa ngo-1839 lapho indoda yaseSweden okuthiwa uMoisander ithola ukuthi i-cerium earth iqukethe ezinye izakhi. Waboleka igama lesiGreki elisho “okufihliwe” ukuze aqambe isici esithi “Lanthanum”, isinqumo esaphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni nasekuqondeni izakhi zamakhemikhali.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lanthanum kubanzi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezintweni ezenziwe nge-piezoelectric, kusiza ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla kagesi futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, okuwenza abaluleke kakhuluizinzwa kanye actuators. Ezintweni zokushisa, i-lanthanum ifaka isandla ekudluliseni ukushisa okuthuthukisiwe nokuzinza. Ezintweni ze-thermoelectric, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqula ukushisa kube ugesi. Ezintweni zokumelana kazibuthe, iguqula izakhiwo kazibuthe, kuyilapho i-luminescent materials (LAN powder), ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kokukhanya okucacile nokusebenzayo. I-Lanthanum ibalulekile futhi ezintweni zokugcina i-hydrogen, okuvumela ukugcinwa okuphumelelayo nokukhishwa kwe-hydrogen. Engilazini ye-optical, ithuthukisa inkomba ye-refractive nokucaca. Ezintweni ze-laser, yenza ukukhiqizwa kwemishayo ye-laser enamandla futhi enembile. Ukwengeza, i-lanthanum isetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ze-alloy ukuthuthukisa amandla abo, ukuqina, nezinye izakhiwo. I-Lanthanum iphinde isetshenziswe ekulungiseleleni imikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali e-organic njenge-catalyst, yenza kube lula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwenza ngcono umkhiqizo womkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lanthanum isetshenziswa kumafilimu ezolimo e-photocatalytic phesheya, abonise imiphumela ethembisayo ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo. Emazweni angaphandle, ososayensi banikeze indima ye-lanthanum ezitshalweni isiteketiso esithi "super calcium", egcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo.