Isici esithi "i-lanthanum"

Umhlaba ongavamile, isifaniso esivame ukusetshenziswa, kungathiwa amavithamini ezimboni uma uwoyela uyigazi lezimboni. Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ziyiqembu lezinsimbi, eziqukethe izakhi ezingu-17 kuthebula lezinto zamakhemikhali, njengei-lanthanum, i-cerium, kanye ne-praseodymium, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-elekthronikhi, amakhemikhali kaphethroli, i-metallurgy kanye neminye imikhakha. Lezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene.

Ososayensi bangathola ukusetshenziswa okusha kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile njalo eminyakeni emi-3-5, kanti okukodwa kokusungulwa okuyisithupha kuncike ezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Lokhu kubonisa umnikelo obalulekile noqhubekayo owenziwa yizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe.

I-China inezinqolobane ezicebile zezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile, ezibekwe phambili emhlabeni ngokwezinqolobane, isikali sokukhiqiza, kanye nomthamo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu akubonisi nje kuphela imithombo yemvelo eminingi yase-China kodwa futhi kugcizelela amakhono ayo aqinile ekumbeni, ekucubunguleni, nasekusatshalalisweni kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-China yiyona kuphela izwe elingahlinzeka ngazo zonke izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezingu-17, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile eziphakathi nezisindayo ngezicelo zempi ezivelele. I-China

Isikhundla esiphezulu kulesi sici sidonsele ukunaka okukhulu kanye nomona kwamanye amazwe.

I-element ethi “lanthanum” yaqanjwa ngo-1839 lapho indoda yaseSweden egama layo linguMoisander ithola ukuthi umhlaba we-cerium uqukethe ezinye izakhi. Yaboleka igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi “kufihliwe” ukuze iqambe i-element ethi “Lanthanum”, isinqumo esaphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni nasekuqondeni izakhi zamakhemikhali.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lanthanum kubanzi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezintweni ze-piezoelectric, kusiza ukuguqula amandla omshini abe amandla kagesi kanye nokushintshana, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileIzinzwa nama-actuator. Ezintweni zokushisa, i-lanthanum inegalelo ekudlulisweni kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuzinza. Ezintweni ze-thermoelectric, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqula ukushisa kube ugesi. Ezintweni zokumelana nogesi, iguqula izakhiwo zikagesi, kanti ezintweni ezikhanyayo (i-LAN powder), ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kokukhanya okukhanyayo nokuphumelelayo. I-Lanthanum nayo ibalulekile ezintweni zokugcina i-hydrogen, okuvumela ukugcinwa nokukhululwa kwe-hydrogen okuphumelelayo kakhudlwana. Engilazini ebonakalayo, ithuthukisa inkomba yokukhanya nokucaca. Ezintweni ze-laser, ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwemisebe ye-laser enamandla futhi enembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lanthanum isetshenziswa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ze-alloy ukuthuthukisa amandla ayo, ukuqina, kanye nezinye izakhiwo. I-Lanthanum isetshenziswa futhi ekulungiseleleni imikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali e-organic njenge-catalyst, okwenza kube lula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuthuthukisa isivuno somkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lanthanum isetshenziswa kumafilimu ezolimo e-photocatalytic phesheya kwezilwandle, abonise imiphumela ethembisayo ekukhuliseni ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokuvikelwa. Emazweni angaphandle, ososayensi banikeze indima ye-lanthanum ezitshalweni isiteketiso esithi “super calcium”, begcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo.